This collection contains papers of the

ITS 33rd European Conference 2025
Edinburgh, UK, 29th June – 1st July 2025

"Digital innovation and transformation in uncertain times"

We are in the midst of a period of rapid digital transformation. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has grabbed many headlines - its capabilities have rapidly and significantly developed, fuelled by significant investment by Big Tech. AI is permeating the whole economy, promising far-reaching changes in the production and dissemination of content. But as AI diffuses across the economy, it raises issues around how content is created and its ownership. And AI created deepfakes have emerged, questioning how online content is policed as well as its veracity determined. AI also raises concerns about privacy, especially as large amounts of data are integral to its development. While Big Tech has been heavily investing in AI, their existing businesses have been challenged by regulators. Regulatory initiatives, emanating from the European Union (EU) and the United States, have resulted in new obligations being imposed, large fines levied and the possibility of structural changes raised. And the EU has eventually, after many years, won its case against Apple over the tax advantages associated with its base in Ireland. These developments collectively question the basis on which Big Tech operates, in terms of their dominance of key markets as well as how they integrate their services to create a seamless experience for users.