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Erscheinungsjahr: 
2022
Quellenangabe: 
[Journal:] Essays in Economic & Business History (EEBH) [ISSN:] 2376-9459 [Volume:] 40 [Issue:] 1 [Year:] 2022 [Pages:] 156-187
Verlag: 
Economic and Business History Society (EBHS), Rockford, MI
Zusammenfassung: 
The actions taken by J. P. Morgan during the Panic of 1907 reveal how a skilled leader can dominate those of formal institutions during the resolution of a financial crisis. First, we examine how Morgan coordinated emergency liquidity infusions during the Panic in the absence of a formal lender of last resort (LOLR). Morgan's Syndicate Books provide evidence that all applicants for liquidity had participated in earlier bond underwriting syndicates with Morgan. The single denial of aid was to an agent from an unprofitable syndicate, the Knickerbocker Trust. Morgan's decisions to provide or withhold aid to distressed institutions appear to track more closely with his previous syndicate experience with each applicant. Recommendations made by committees he formed to estimate applicants' solvency appear less important. Then, we show that Morgan's decisions had a distinguishable effect during the Panic on the prices of bonds underwritten by his syndicates. We find that during the Panic bond traders revised upwardtheir valuation of bonds underwritten by Morgan compared to bonds underwritten by bankers that had not undertaken LOLR activities. We interpret these results as implying that market agents had greater expectations of valuable advice or liquidity infusions to Morgan-backed issuers than to issuers backed by other bankers. These findings provide support for Morgan's effectiveness as a mobilizer of private reserves, a private LOLR, during the Panic of 1907.
Schlagwörter: 
JP Morgan
Panic of 1907
lender of last resort
syndicates
liquidity
call loan
clearing house
consols
Knickerbocker Trust
railroad bonds
JEL: 
G01
G12
G23
G24
L14
N11
N21
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