Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/330333 
Year of Publication: 
2025
Series/Report no.: 
BOFIT Policy Brief No. 17/2025
Publisher: 
Bank of Finland, Bank of Finland Institute for Emerging Economies (BOFIT), Helsinki
Abstract: 
This policy brief considers the economic dependencies of Finland and the European Union on the United States. We seek to provide an overview of dependencies related to foreign trade, direct investment and finance, excluding closely related topics such as technological dependencies. The US is a long-standing European ally, and economic exchange between the two blocs remains vibrant and broad-based. All lines of analysis in this brief suggest that Finland and the EU as a whole are economically dependent on the US, with the US playing a particularly pronounced role in services trade and financing.
Subjects: 
United States
Finland
EU
foreign trade
direct investment
foreign affiliates
financial sector
dependence
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Document Type: 
Research Report

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