Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/329927 
Authors: 
Year of Publication: 
2025
Series/Report no.: 
Columbia FDI Perspectives No. 419
Publisher: 
Columbia University, Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment (CCSI), New York, NY
Abstract: 
Most investment projects are governed by contracts that allow investors but not governments to pursue arbitration. This Perspective proposes a model clause to restore symmetry, enabling states to initiate binding ICSID or PCA proceedings under state contracts. It highlights Colombia, Ecuador and Bolivia's experiences and provides a practical template.
Document Type: 
Research Report

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