Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/329355 
Year of Publication: 
2025
Citation: 
[Journal:] Economies [ISSN:] 2227-7099 [Volume:] 13 [Issue:] 3 [Article No.:] 75 [Year:] 2025 [Pages:] 1-20
Publisher: 
MDPI, Basel
Abstract: 
The integration or resettlement efforts aimed at self-reliance of refugees are requisite for their adaptation to social and economic shocks and consequently to their human development and contribution to economic growth. This study analyses the drivers of financial inclusion and social integration and estimates the respective gender gap among households in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya. Based on a 2019 socio-economic survey dataset, the study constructs indices to reveal the extent of financial inclusion and social integration. Using the ordered logistic regression, factors such as earning wages, asset accumulation, food security, social capital, education, and access to information demonstrate significant explanatory power for financial inclusion and social integration. The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique for measuring the gender gap reveals that women are significantly better off with respect to financial inclusion compared to men. These results suggest that gendered financial inclusive and social integration programs can build refugee self-reliance. Accordingly, government and development partners should promote gender-inclusive strategies for refugees in Kenya. This study contributes to the literature on refugee financial inclusion and social integration by offering gender-specific insights into their barriers and enablers in protracted displacement contexts.
Subjects: 
development
financial inclusion
forced displacement
gender gap
refugees
social integration
Kenya
JEL: 
F22
J15
J18
O15
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by Logo
Document Type: 
Article

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