Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/329328 
Year of Publication: 
2025
Citation: 
[Journal:] Economies [ISSN:] 2227-7099 [Volume:] 13 [Issue:] 2 [Article No.:] 48 [Year:] 2025 [Pages:] 1-18
Publisher: 
MDPI, Basel
Abstract: 
The global cocoa trade network is highly concentrated. The top 5 producers account for 75 percent of exports. Although recent research shows that agricultural trade was resilient to the 2020 pandemic, cocoa is one of the most affected goods. This paper estimates the effects of international shocks, in general, and COVID-19 on the global cocoa trade. We find that the effect on the top 5 producers is less than on the small-size producers. Also, the COVID-19 pandemic increased production costs, reduced export probability, and created income volatility in small-size producers.
Subjects: 
cocoa
international shocks
COVID-19
shocks
difference-in-difference
JEL: 
F14
F51
C32
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by Logo
Document Type: 
Article

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