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Erscheinungsjahr: 
2025
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[Journal:] Economies [ISSN:] 2227-7099 [Volume:] 13 [Issue:] 2 [Article No.:] 28 [Year:] 2025 [Pages:] 1-22
Verlag: 
MDPI, Basel
Zusammenfassung: 
This paper aims to explore the relationship between firm formation and unemployment using regional and city-level Turkish data. We focus on the post-2008 financial crisis period and analyze the effects of unemployment and other control variables on firm formation at NUTS-II and NUTS-III regions of Türkiye. We estimate a fixed-effects panel data model and control for GDP per capita, urbanization, population density, patents, high school education, and higher education. Our results suggest that there is a significant positive effect of unemployment on new firm formation. The analysis concerning the converse relation, the impact of firm formation on unemployment, reveals no significant results at the NUTS-II level; however, a significant negative relationship is found at the city level with 4- and 5-year lags.
Schlagwörter: 
unemployment
firm formation
Schumpeter effect
refugee effect
regional analysis
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