Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/324641 
Year of Publication: 
2025
Series/Report no.: 
CEPIE Working Paper No. 01/25
Publisher: 
Technische Universität Dresden, Center of Public and International Economics (CEPIE), Dresden
Abstract: 
For the developing world, instant connectivity was first established through the expansion of second-generation (2G) mobile networks. Leveraging exogenous variation in network disruptions induced by lightning strikes as an instrumental variable, we analyze panel data from 2,040 regions across 13 developing countries between 1990 and 2015. Our findings reveal economically meaningful increases in employment (approximately 32-43%), driven primarily by a shift from self-employment toward formal wage employment, notably within agriculture, coupled with substantial rises in unpaid labor among women.
Subjects: 
Mobile Coverage
Structural Transformation
Panel Inference
Technological Development
Micro Interventions
Aggregate Implications
JEL: 
O33
O12
O14
E24
E27
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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