Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/323907 
Year of Publication: 
2025
Series/Report no.: 
Columbia FDI Perspectives No. 414
Publisher: 
Columbia University, Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment (CCSI), New York, NY
Abstract: 
Targeted sanctions directed at climate-harming activities of foreign entities have started to attract attention. While sanctions may deter free-riders from undermining collective climate action, they raise issues of consistency with investment protection obligations. This Perspective emphasises the need to incorporate considerations of IIA-consistency into the design of any sanctions program.
Document Type: 
Research Report

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