Zusammenfassung:
Industrial policy has a long history, having been used by many governments to encourage economic development through the provision of direct financial support and/or supportive regulations to specific sectors and industries. Over the past decade, the energy transition has increasingly forced countries to address the question of their competitive position in the many and complex value chains that are emerging to support the development and use of green fuels and the vast infrastructure needed to support their use. Governments are now looking to promote the domestic exploitation of critical minerals, the creation of secure supply chains, the development of advanced green technologies, and an increase in carbon-free energy to generate economic growth, energy security, and competitive advantage as part of their overall geopolitical and economic strategies. Three major blocs have emerged, led by China, the EU, and the US, and the competition between these three is now dominating the discussions around green industrial policy. However, many other countries are seeking to establish their positions within the supply chains being created by the rapid expansion of low- or zero-carbon energy sources while also adapting to the industrial policy frameworks established by the largest players. This edition of the Oxford Energy Forum seeks to describe and analyse how the multiple pieces of this complex jigsaw are starting to fit together.