Abstract:
Teaching quality is deemed one of the foundations of student achievement and institutional performance. With this, linking in-service training (INSET) and teacher professional development (TPD), to student outcomes has been at the forefront of education research. Our inquiry revolves on how to improve accessibility and participation in INSET and TPD programs to improve teaching quality and to revitalize the Philippine education system. We do this by examining accessibility issues, allocation practices, and implementation challenges of INSET and TPD programs. By triangulating data from document reviews with perspectives gathered from key informant interviews with sector experts and focus group discussion with teachers, we highlight key gaps that hinder achievement of intended outcomes. Our findings revealed that while training opportunities exist and needs assessments are in place, outcomes are impeded by inequitable access, inconsistent funding, and a lack of alignment with evolving pedagogical needs. Moreover, logistical barriers, such as geographic constraints and workload concerns, prevent teachers from fully participating in TPD programs. To address these challenges, we presented comprehensive recommendations for the Department of Education (DepEd), policymakers, and educational institutions towards equitable access to INSET and TPD programs through increased funding, integration of digital learning tools, and institutionalization of sustainable training frameworks. Educational institutions can implement school-based professional learning communities, strengthen mentorship programs, and encourage data-driven approaches to professional growth. By strengthening INSET and TPD programs through strategic reforms and evidence-based interventions, the Philippines can cultivate a high-quality teaching workforce capable of addressing the evolving landscape and demands of 21st century education. A renewed commitment to teacher development will not only enhance instructional quality but also pave the way for a more inclusive, innovative, and resilient education system that empowers both teachers and learners.