Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/321370 
Year of Publication: 
2025
Series/Report no.: 
I4R Discussion Paper Series No. 243
Publisher: 
Institute for Replication (I4R), s.l.
Abstract: 
Holt and Vinopal (2023) investigate whether there is inequality in how much time people spend waiting for services using the American Time Use Survey (ATUS). They find that (1) high-income people are both less likely to wait and spend less time waiting than low-income people, and that (2) this is true even after conditioning on observable differences. Further, they find that (3) income has heterogeneous effects on waiting time by race and ethnicity. First, we successfully computationally reproduce the paper's main claims, but uncover two minor coding errors. However, we find five parts of Holt and Vinopal (2023) where the description in the paper differs from what is implemented in the code. Fixing these impacts their results. We also conduct several robustness tests, including calculating standard errors using the replication weights provided by ATUS, updating the outcome variables to use all waiting time for services recorded in the ATUS, and using weekly earnings as an alternative measure to household income. Between fixing the differences between the code and the paper, and our robustness tests, we conclude that Claim (1) is robust, Claim (2) is robust in some specifications, and Claim (3) is not robust.
Subjects: 
time use
inequality
waiting time
replication
JEL: 
J22
D31
J15
Document Type: 
Working Paper

Files in This Item:
File
Size





Items in EconStor are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.