Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/315812 
Year of Publication: 
2025
Series/Report no.: 
GLO Discussion Paper No. 1606
Publisher: 
Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen
Abstract: 
The Venezuelan migration crisis has led to large-scale displacement, with over 2.5 million Venezuelans seeking refuge in Colombia. This study assesses the impact of the PEP on labor market outcomes for Venezuelan migrants. Using data from the EPM survey and a difference-in-differences methodology, the study compares preand post-migration labor conditions. Findings indicate that while PEP holders have increased access to formal ways of employment, it does not significantly mitigate occupational downgrading, as many migrants, especially those with white-collar experience, transition to blue-collar jobs. The results suggest that, although the PEP improves employment access, it does not fully address the quality mismatch between migrants' skills and available job opportunities. The findings underscore the importance of policy initiatives targeting skill development and matching migrants' qualifications with job market needs to enhance labor market integration and reduce inequality.
Subjects: 
Migration
occupational downgrading
labor mobility
work permits
JEL: 
F22
O15
J24
J61
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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