Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/315007 
Year of Publication: 
2024
Series/Report no.: 
Discussion Papers of the Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods No. 2024/19
Publisher: 
Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn
Abstract: 
In an experiment on the large language model GPT-4o, a supplier always makes a higher profit if it replaces uniform contract terms with a set of terms between which the customer may choose. The extra profit results from price discrimination. There is a first order and a second order effect. The first order effect results from heterogeneous willingness to pay for a more protective term. The second order effect results from the possibility that contract choice is a signal for general willingness to pay for the traded commodity. In the experiment, the effect is bigger if the least protective version is labelled as the default, and more protective terms as an "upgrade". The effect is smaller if, conversely, the most protective version is labelled as the default and less protective (and cheaper) versions as an opportunity for "savings". The effect is also bigger if the supplier only sets the price after it knows which version of the contract the consumer chooses. The profit increasing effect of giving the consumer a choice is strong. There is no piece of demographic information that has a stronger effect. Most pieces of demographic information (which the supplier might, for instance, learn through cookie data) have a significantly smaller effect on profit. If the supplier combines cookie information about demographic markers with contract choice, it always makes an extra profit.
Subjects: 
forced choice of contract clause
price discrimination
large language model
experiment
JEL: 
C91
D01
D02
D12
D42
D91
K12
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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