Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/311155 
Year of Publication: 
2025
Series/Report no.: 
ECB Occasional Paper No. 367
Publisher: 
European Central Bank (ECB), Frankfurt a. M.
Abstract: 
The green transition of the EU economy will require substantial investment to 2030 and beyond. Estimates of green investment needs vary between institutions and are surrounded by high uncertainty, but they all point to a requirement for faster and more ambitious action. Green investment will need to be financed primarily by the private sector. While banks are expected to make a key contribution to funding the green transition, capital markets need to deepen further, especially to support innovation financing. Progress on the capital markets union would support the green transition. Public funds will be vital to complement and de-risk private green investment. Structural reforms and enhanced business conditions should be tailored to encourage firms, households and investors to step up their green investment activities.
Subjects: 
green transition
investment
financing
fiscal policy
structural policy
JEL: 
E22
E44
G21
Q41
Q50
Q58
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
ISBN: 
978-92-899-6997-0
Document Type: 
Research Report

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