Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/308377 
Year of Publication: 
2024
Series/Report no.: 
CESifo Working Paper No. 11481
Publisher: 
CESifo GmbH, Munich
Abstract: 
After computing the Gini and Herfindahl-Hirschman indexes for exports and imports partner concentration for a set of 31 European countries between 1995 and 2023, we analyse the role of macroeconomic, institutional and uncertainty effects on the partner concentration (diversification) of exports and imports. From our analysis, we disentangle different effects, namely that while global GDP leads to an increase in concentration in both exports and imports, internal rates of return increase exports diversification, reducing it for imports. Additionally, European uncertainty reduces the concentration of the product countries' origin/destination for imports and exports, respectively. Our results provide a comprehensive set of results that enable public authorities and firms to minimize their risks when trading with the exterior.
Subjects: 
exports
imports
Gini index
Herfindahl-Hirschman index
determinants of concentration
JEL: 
C33
E02
F14
F32
F41
G15
Document Type: 
Working Paper
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