Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/307439 
Authors: 
Year of Publication: 
2024
Series/Report no.: 
Working Paper No. 2024:20
Publisher: 
Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy (IFAU), Uppsala
Abstract: 
In a dual income tax (DIT) system, labor income is taxed progressively, while capital income is subject to a lower proportional tax. DIT systems were introduced in Sweden, Norway, and Finland in the early 1990s. In the absence of rules restricting capital income distributions, owners of closelyheld corporations would easily be able to circumvent the progressive tax on earned income by withdrawing an appropriate amount of dividends instead of wages. The Nordic countries adopted very different income splitting models, with immediate implications for the tax treatment of dividends. In this article I first review the p rinciples o f the income splitting rules of Sweden, Norway, and Finland. I then discuss some of the tradeoffs involved in the design of such rules.
Subjects: 
Income taxation
Nordic comparison
dividend taxation
JEL: 
H32
G35
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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