Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/307396 
Year of Publication: 
2022
Citation: 
[Journal:] Utilities Policy [ISSN:] 1878-4356 [Volume:] 79 [Article No.:] 101435 [Publisher:] Elsevier [Place:] Amsterdam [Year:] 2022 [Pages:] 1-35
Publisher: 
Elsevier, Amsterdam
Abstract: 
We investigate the impact of demographic changes on local public services taking the case of water service. We apply a structural production function approach to a large panel of German water utilities between 2003 and 2014. Exploring variation of population density and the population age structure across service areas and over time, we provide evidence that demographics and their changes significantly affect the utilities’ productivity and costs. We find that demographic changes cause significant cost increases in rapidly shrinking and ageing regions. Our results provide important policy implications regarding the prevention of growing regional disparities in public services.
Subjects: 
Water service
demographic change
productivity growth
public service provision
costs structure
JEL: 
L95
R11
D24
L32
Published Version’s DOI: 
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by-nc-nd Logo
Document Type: 
Article
Document Version: 
Accepted Manuscript (Postprint)

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