Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/307249 
Year of Publication: 
2024
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 17425
Publisher: 
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
We study a Force-down/Shoot-down intervention in Brazil that led cocaine traffickers to shift from air to river routes. Using data on cocaine production, homicides, and the network of rivers in the Amazon, we provide evidence that violence increased in municipalities along river routes originating from Andean producing countries after the policy. We also show that, during the same period, violence in these municipalities became more responsive to cocaine production in origin countries. We document an instance of crime displacement over the three-dimensional space, involving sophisticated adaptations from criminals regarding transportation technologies, with dramatic side-effects for local populations.
Subjects: 
cocaine
illegal markets
crime displacement
violence
Brazil
Amazon
JEL: 
K42
O54
Q34
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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