Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/305600 
Year of Publication: 
2024
Series/Report no.: 
CESifo Working Paper No. 11358
Publisher: 
CESifo GmbH, Munich
Abstract: 
Weekly lotteries determine which politicians ask the UK Prime Minister a question in front of a male-dominated, packed, and noisy chamber. Women are 12% less likely to submit questions than same-cohort men, and this gap does not close with lottery-induced experience asking a question, or with years of service. However, the gender gap almost fully closes after a switch to a format in which questions are asked to a smaller, quieter, audience. The switch differentially draws in women with quieter voices. Our findings support institutional change, rather than adaptation through experience, as a response to gender gaps in adversarial settings.
Subjects: 
gender gap
public speaking
gender norms
politician behaviour
JEL: 
J16
D91
D72
Document Type: 
Working Paper
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