Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/290633 
Authors: 
Year of Publication: 
2024
Citation: 
[Journal:] Junior Management Science (JUMS) [ISSN:] 2942-1861 [Volume:] 9 [Issue:] 1 [Year:] 2024 [Pages:] 1211-1240
Publisher: 
Junior Management Science e. V., Planegg
Abstract: 
Entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) research has mainly focused on metropolitan regions and neglected second-tier (European) regions. I use a comparative case study approach with a focus on regional public policy to analyze two second-tier European regions: Uppsala and Galway. The results show that EEs can emerge as a by-product of attracting foreign direct investment or investment in higher education and research. In both cases, the R&D activities of multinational enterprises (MNEs) and universities contribute to the emergence and growth of EEs by enabling the creation of spin-offs. Given the limited resources in second-tier regions, EE initially focus on specific industry clusters to maximize resource efficiency. Later diversification increases ecosystem resilience and mitigates cluster risks. However, limited access to growth capital in second-tier EEs leads to increased acquisition activity by MNEs or the relocation of high-growth ventures to metropolitan areas. Policy measures that support second-tier regions' efforts to create local EEs initially focus on promoting R&D, knowledge spillovers, and research commercialization, later include the creation of supportive infrastructure, and finally enable the attraction of growth capital to the region.
Subjects: 
economic geography
entrepreneurial ecosystems
public policy
second-tier regions
spatial context
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Creative Commons License: 
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Document Type: 
Article
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