Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/287449 
Year of Publication: 
2021
Citation: 
[Journal:] Journal of Economic Growth [ISSN:] 1573-7020 [Volume:] 26 [Issue:] 3 [Publisher:] Springer US [Place:] New York, NY [Year:] 2021 [Pages:] 241-289
Publisher: 
Springer US, New York, NY
Abstract: 
It is a well known fact that economic development and distance to the equator are positively correlated variables in the world today. It is perhaps less well known that as recently as 1500 C.E. it was the other way around. The present paper provides a theory of why the 'latitude gradient' changed sign in the course of the last half millennium. In particular, we develop a dynamic model of economic and physiological development in which households decide upon the number and nutrition of their offspring. In this setting we demonstrate that relatively high metabolic costs of fertility, which may have emerged due to positive selection towards greater cold tolerance in locations away from the equator, would work to stifle economic development during pre-industrial times, yet allow for an early onset of sustained growth. As a result, the theory suggests a reversal of fortune whereby economic activity gradually shifts away from the equator in the process of long-term economic development. Our empirical results give supporting evidence for our hypothesis.
Subjects: 
LONg-run growth
Evolution
Nutrition
Fertility
Education
Comparative development
JEL: 
O11
I12
J13
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by Logo
Document Type: 
Article
Document Version: 
Published Version

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