Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/282692 
Year of Publication: 
2023
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 16565
Publisher: 
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
All OECD countries except the United States offer at least four months of paid maternity leave, and the average duration of mandated paid maternity leave has increased steadily from 1970 to the present. There is some evidence that paid leave policies above a certain duration negatively impact women's labor market outcomes. In order to estimate the effects of paid leave, we link data on 40 years of paid leave policy across 24 European countries to survey data using a birth-cohort panel. Following previous work, we show that conventional fixed effects estimation suggests a non-monotonic relationship between leave length and women's labor force attachment, with leaves of three months or less increasing women's labor force attachment while longer leaves reduce it. However, in our context, the putative positive impacts of short-duration maternity leaves on women's employment appear to be driven by negative weighting in fixed effects estimation, which is explained by the fact that all countries in our sample eventually adopt short-duration leave policies. Using a robust imputation-based estimator, we find that maternity leaves longer than three months negatively affect female employment and increase women's domestic work burden. Leaves longer than six months also reduce women's educational attainment and their propensity to raise children.
Subjects: 
European social policy
women's labor force participation
parental leave
gender
fertility
two-way fixed effects
JEL: 
D13
J16
J22
Document Type: 
Working Paper

Files in This Item:
File
Size
858.97 kB





Items in EconStor are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.