Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/282357 
Authors: 
Year of Publication: 
2023
Series/Report no.: 
CESifo Working Paper No. 10669
Publisher: 
Center for Economic Studies and ifo Institute (CESifo), Munich
Abstract: 
This paper revisits one of the rare success stories in global environmental cooperation: the Montreal Protocol and the phase-out of ozone-depleting substances. I show that the protocol increased science and innovation on alternatives to ozone-depleting substances, and argue that agreements can indeed be useful to solving global public goods problems. This contrasts with game-theoretical predictions that agreements occur only when costs to the players are low, and with the often-heard narrative that substitutes were readily available. I reconcile theory and empirics by discussing the role of induced innovation in models of environmental agreements.
Subjects: 
induced innovation
directed technological change
green innovation
JEL: 
O30
Q55
Document Type: 
Working Paper
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