Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/278367 
Year of Publication: 
2023
Series/Report no.: 
ECB Working Paper No. 2791
Publisher: 
European Central Bank (ECB), Frankfurt a. M.
Abstract: 
We propose to treat survey-based density expectations as compositional data when testing either for heterogeneity in density forecasts across different groups of agents or for changes over time. Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed test has more power relative to both a bootstrap approach based on the KLIC and an approach which involves multiple testing for differences of individual parts of the density. In addition, the test is computaionally much faster than the KLIC-based one, which relies on simulations, and allows for comparisons across multiple groups. Using density expectations from the ECB Survey of Professional Forecasters and the U.S. Survey of Consumer Expectations, we show the usefulness of the test in detecting possible changes in density expectations over time and across different types of forecasters.
Subjects: 
compositional data
density forecasts
survey forecasts
disagreement
JEL: 
C12
D84
E27
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
ISBN: 
978-92-899-5987-2
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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