Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/278016 
Year of Publication: 
2023
Series/Report no.: 
32nd European Conference of the International Telecommunications Society (ITS): "Realising the digital decade in the European Union – Easier said than done?", Madrid, Spain, 19th - 20th June 2023
Publisher: 
International Telecommunications Society (ITS), Calgary
Abstract: 
This paper presents the research on the last fourteen years household spending patterns on information and communication technology (ICT) and the associated use of digital services due to socioeconomic variables. We found that over the 14 years covered by the research, there is a gender gap in ICT spending that extends beyond the pandemic COVID-10 to the present day, as well as an income gap. Women spend less on ICT than men, although according to the most recent data, this difference is no longer significant. Furthermore, the expected income gap should not be ignored, as fewer resources invested in telecommunications means less ability to move up the labour market, and this may be another way of damaging the social ladder.
Subjects: 
ICT
online literacy
consumers
survey data
econometric models
behavioral economics
Document Type: 
Conference Paper

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