Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/266025 
Year of Publication: 
2022
Series/Report no.: 
MAGKS Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics No. 27-2022
Publisher: 
Philipps-University Marburg, School of Business and Economics, Marburg
Abstract: 
We analyze the natural experiment of ghost games in the 2019/2020 season of the German football Bundesliga and confirm previous studies showing that the home advantage diminishes if the stadium is empty. However, our paper is the first that distinguishes between effort- and skill-based tasks in this setting. In line with behavioral economics, we observe that a supportive audience has a positive effect on effort-based performance but a negative effect on some offensive skill-based performance measures.
Subjects: 
Ghost games
home advantage
effort vs
skill
Covid-19
JEL: 
C93
Z20
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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