Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/266004 
Year of Publication: 
2022
Series/Report no.: 
CESifo Working Paper No. 9969
Publisher: 
Center for Economic Studies and ifo Institute (CESifo), Munich
Abstract: 
Does social media or offline social cohesion overcome collective action problems more effectively when both types of networks are prevalent? We investigate non-violent protests against a place-based economic reform in Austria—a country where one in two citizens uses Facebook but also one in two citizens is a member of a local club or civic organization. Our results show that protests spread more in places with strong offline networks as measured by real-life networks like village, folklore, or dialect clubs. We do not find that social media penetration intensifies local protests, a finding corroborated by microdata.
Subjects: 
online and offline networks
social media
social cohesion
civic organizations
social capital
protest
economic reform
populism
JEL: 
D71
D72
Z20
Document Type: 
Working Paper
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