Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/265806 
Year of Publication: 
2022
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 15585
Publisher: 
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
We examine the impact of government-funded universal paid parental leave extensions on the likelihood that mothers reach top-pay jobs and executive positions, using eight Norwegian reforms. Up to a quarter of a century after childbirth, such reforms neither helped nor hurt mothers' chances to be at the top of their companies' pay ranking or in leadership positions. We detect no differential effect across many characteristics, and no impact on other outcomes, such as hours worked and promotions. No reform affected fathers' pay or the gender pay gaps between mothers and their male colleagues and between mothers and their partners.
Subjects: 
gender inequality
within-firm pay ranking
glass ceiling
leadership
top executives
JEL: 
H42
J13
J16
J18
M12
M14
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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