Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/263118 
Year of Publication: 
2022
Series/Report no.: 
ILO Working Paper No. 55
Publisher: 
International Labour Organization (ILO), Geneva
Abstract: 
This study examines the annual investment required for universal, collectively funded childcare and longterm care services, as well as adequate paid care leave and breastfeeding breaks to parents in 82 countries. Simulations of policy reforms show that extending paid leave and breastfeeding breaks to all employed parents (including those in informal employment) at an adequate level of pay would require about 0.3 per cent of GDP of annual investment by 2035. Extending universal childcare would require additional annual investment of 1.5 per cent of GDP by 2035 over and above current public spending of 0.3 per cent. For long-term care, the annual additional investment by 2035 would be 2.5 per cent of GDP, over and above current public spending of 0.6 per cent. Such care investments could also provide powerful economic stimulus, creating up to nearly 300 million jobs by 2035, and recouping some of the investment through increased tax revenue.
Subjects: 
family leave
maternity protection
maternity benefits
maternity leave
parental leave
childcare
long-term care services
care economy
social infrastructure
economic stimulus
investment
input-output analysis
gender equality
sustainable development goals
JEL: 
C67
H51
J16
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
ISBN: 
978-92-2-036688-2
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by Logo
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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