Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/260347 
Authors: 
Year of Publication: 
2022
Series/Report no.: 
Working Paper No. 2022:8
Publisher: 
Lund University, School of Economics and Management, Department of Economics, Lund
Abstract: 
The theoretical foundation of inflation targeting was laid out by the Swedish economist Knut Wicksell (1851-1926) in his groundbreaking treatise, Interest and Prices, published originally in German in 1898. Here he proposed price stability as the rule for monetary policy. Today, inflation targeting is considered the best-practice approach to monetary policy across the world. It has contributed to stable and low consumer price inflation since the 1990s in many countries. However, inflation targeting has recently been the subject of several objections. Most prominently, the focus on consumer price stability has fostered financial instability, as reflected in the global financial crisis of 2008-09. In addition, the sharp rise in asset prices has led to growing wealth inequality. <p> Why have these problems emerged? This paper provides an answer by comparing Wicksell's theory of price level determination in a pure credit economy, the "cumulative process", to the neo-Wicksellian world of today, characterized by inconvertible fiat money, floating exchange rates, advanced financial systems, unregulated interest rates and well-developed asset markets. In this way, it becomes apparent that the neglect of asset markets and asset prices is the source of the flaws of the present Wicksellian regime of unlimited finance. The shortcomings of the neo-Wicksellian approach can be remedied while remaining within a Wicksellian framework. The key is to combine the nominal anchor of price stability with a reformed financial system that maintains credit stability. The paper uses empirical evidence from Sweden and the United States.
Subjects: 
Inflation targeting
price level targeting
natural rate
Knut Wicksell
Milton Friedman
financial crises
credit
asset inflation
central banking
JEL: 
B10
B22
E10
E31
E40
E50
G01
G20
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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