Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/259283 
Year of Publication: 
2021
Citation: 
[Journal:] Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe [ISSN:] 2082-6737 [Volume:] 24 [Issue:] 3 [Publisher:] Łódź University Press [Place:] Łódź [Year:] 2021 [Pages:] 163-183
Publisher: 
Łódź University Press, Łódź
Abstract: 
The aim of this paper was to investigate the relationship between countries' PISA study results from 2018 and a set of indices related to socio-economic inequality, such as the Gini index, human development index, or gender inequality index, along with purely economic variables, such as GDP per capita and government expenditure on education. The study covered 70 countries, consisting of 37 OECD countries and 33 non-OECD countries. Research methods included multivariate linear regression models, k-means clustering, and hierarchical clustering. Our findings revealed that the Gini index was statistically insignificant, indicating income inequality had little effect on students' PISA performance. On the other hand, the gender inequality index was the single most statistically significant explanatory variable for both OECD and non-OECD countries. Therefore, our recommendation for policymakers is simple: increase students' PISA performance, thus enhancing countries' human capital and competitiveness, and focus on decreasing gender disparity and the associated loss of achievement due to gender inequality.
Subjects: 
education
gender inequality index
Gini index
inequality
PISA 2018
JEL: 
I20
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by-nc-nd Logo
Document Type: 
Article

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