Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/252026 
Year of Publication: 
2022
Series/Report no.: 
CESifo Working Paper No. 9509
Publisher: 
Center for Economic Studies and ifo Institute (CESifo), Munich
Abstract: 
We present evidence on the role of the social environment for the development of gender differences in competitiveness and earnings expectations. First, we document that the gender gap in competitiveness and earnings expectations is more pronounced among adolescents with low socioeconomic status (SES). We further document that there is a positive association between the competitiveness of mothers and their daughters, but not between the competitiveness of mothers and their sons. Second, we show that a randomized mentoring intervention that exposes low-SES children to predominantly female role models causally affects girls' willingness to compete and narrows both the gender gap in competitiveness as well as the gender gap in earnings expectations. Together, the results highlight the importance of the social environment in shaping willingness to compete and earnings expectations at a young age.
Document Type: 
Working Paper
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