Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/251203 
Authors: 
Year of Publication: 
2022
Series/Report no.: 
Kiel Working Paper No. 2211
Publisher: 
Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), Kiel
Abstract: 
Whereas various drivers of the international innovative activity have been studied in the literature, our understanding of the contributions of different innovation linkages to innovation deserves more attention. Are the different innovation linkages equally complementary to research inputs in fostering innovation? This paper addresses the contributions of different innovation linkages to innovation, across two different measures of innovation. We find that a broader index of innovation linkages shows positive and significant spillovers on innovation, while joint ventures and university-industry collaborations fail to exert a significant influence. These spillovers are reinforced by the positive and expected impacts of R&D spending. In other results, greater venture capital investments boost innovation in most cases, while more FDI boosts one type of innovation output. These findings are uniquely shown to be sensitive across least- and most innovative nations when a quantile regression is employed. Implications for technology policy are discussed.
Subjects: 
patents
innovation
innovation linkages
R&D
joint ventures
university-industry collaboration
JEL: 
O31
O33
O38
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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