Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/250611 
Year of Publication: 
2021
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 14950
Publisher: 
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
Gender differences in self-confidence could explain women's under representation in high-income occupations and glass-ceiling effects. We draw lessons from the economic literature via a survey of experts and a Bayesian hierarchical model that aggregates experimental findings over the last twenty years. The experts' survey indicates beliefs that men are overconfident and women under-confident. Yet, the literature reveals that both men and women are typically overconfident. Moreover, the model cannot reject the hypothesis that gender differences in self-confidence are equal to zero. In addition, the estimated pooling factor is low, implying that each study contains little information over a common phenomenon. The discordance can be reconciled if the experts overestimate the pooling factor or have priors that are biased and precise.
Subjects: 
gender gaps
over-confidence
Bayesian meta-analysis
JEL: 
C91
J16
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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