Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/250511 
Year of Publication: 
2021
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 14850
Publisher: 
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
Many studies have reported evidence of negative associations between fixed-term contract employment and fertility. With few exceptions, these studies assume that employment status is exogenous and thus results are likely biased. Furthermore, previous research has mostly not considered whether the effects of employment status on fertility might vary with other worker characteristics. We draw on 19 years of data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey to investigate the association between contingent forms of employment (including both fixed-term and casual employment) and first births, and how that association varies with selected worker characteristics. The issue of endogeneity is addressed through the use of instrumental variables estimation. Our main finding is that both fixed-term contracts and casual employment are associated with a significantly lower probability of first births among men. We also find that these negative fertility effects vary with workers' education, occupational status, country of origin, age, and relationship status. The results for women suggest fixed-term contracts are actually associated with more births. However, in this case one of the instruments fails to satisfy the exclusion restriction, suggesting endogeneity remains a concern when analyzing female fertility outcomes and hence this finding should be given little weight.
Subjects: 
Australia
contingent employment
employment instability
fertility
HILDA Survey
instrumental variables
JEL: 
J13
J41
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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