Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/248358 
Year of Publication: 
2021
Series/Report no.: 
WIDER Working Paper No. 2021/144
Publisher: 
The United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER), Helsinki
Abstract: 
Why are the poor susceptible to clientelism, and what factors shield them from the influence of vote buying? We explore the role of both formal and informal social networks in shaping the likelihood of being targeted with private inducements. We argue that when the poor lack access to formal social networks, they become increasingly reliant on vote buying channelled through informal networks. To test our theory, we build the informal, family-based network linkages between voters and local politicians spanning a city in the Philippines. We then collect survey data on formal network connections, electoral handouts, and voting behaviour of 900 voters randomly drawn from these family networks. We show first that campaigns disproportionately target poorer voters. We then show that familial ties further influence targeting among poor voters. Finally, we show that access to formal networks such as workers' associations mitigate voter fears of punishment for failing to reciprocate.
Subjects: 
social networks
poor
vote buying
clientelism
voting behaviour
Philippines
JEL: 
D72
O1
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
ISBN: 
978-92-9267-084-9
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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