Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/240642 
Year of Publication: 
2021
Series/Report no.: 
wiiw Working Paper No. 199
Publisher: 
The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (wiiw), Vienna
Abstract: 
Migration from Africa and the Middle East to the EU has intensified over the last two decades. Relative differences between developed EU and less developed African and Middle East countries have not declined that much and continue to drive mobility. Also, demographic trends show a strong contrast between the population of the EU (ageing and shrinking rapidly) and that of Africa and the Middle East (young and continuously increasing). Apart from demographic pressures and development gaps, other forces related to conflicts and wars, as well as climate risks, have become important drivers of mobility and are not expected to fade away soon. Anticipating migration flows in order to ensure better management and regulated mobility has become essential, although this is an exercise subject to high uncertainty. With these caveats in mind, this study seeks to calculate long-term potential mobility from Africa, the Middle East and Eastern EU neighbouring countries to EU28 and EFTA by applying a migration gravity model following a scenario-based approach. Projections for 2020-2029 suggest that migration flows to the EU from Africa, in particular, will dominate the South-North mobility corridor. Migration policies will also play a role in shaping future migration trends, as migration flows are subject to EU destination countries' applying restrictive migration policies.
Subjects: 
International Migration
forecasting
scenario
gravity model
EU
Africa
JEL: 
F22
J11
J61
O15
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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