Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/238197 
Year of Publication: 
2021
Citation: 
[Journal:] PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences [ISSN:] 1091-6490 [Volume:] 118 [Issue:] 36 [Article No.:] e2109543118 [Publisher:] National Academy of Sciences [Place:] Washington, DC [Year:] 2021 [Pages:] --
Publisher: 
National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC
Abstract: 
Recent evidence suggests that vaccination hesitancy is too high in many countries to sustainably contain COVID-19. Using a factorial survey experiment administered to 20,500 online respondents in Germany, we assess the effectiveness of three strategies to increase vaccine uptake, namely, providing freedoms, financial remuneration, and vaccination at local doctors. Our results suggest that all three strategies can increase vaccination uptake on the order of two to three percentage points (PP) overall and five PP among the undecided. The combined effects could be as high as 13 PP for this group. The returns from different strategies vary across age groups, however, with older cohorts more responsive to local access and younger cohorts most responsive to enhanced freedoms for vaccinated citizens.
Subjects: 
COVID-19
vaccination
incentives
herd immunity
hesitancy
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by Logo
Document Type: 
Article
Document Version: 
Published Version

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