Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/227253 
Year of Publication: 
2020
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 13726
Publisher: 
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
This paper presents new estimates of the returns to education in the Russian Federation using data from 1994 to 2018. Although the returns to schooling increased for a time, they are now much lower than the global average. Private returns to education are three times greater for higher education compared with vocational education, and the returns to education for females are higher than for males. Returns for females show an inverse U-shaped curve over the past two decades. Female education is a policy priority and there is a need to investigate the labor market relevance of vocational education. Higher education may have reached an expansion limit, and it may be necessary to investigate options for increasing the productivity of schooling.
Subjects: 
returns to education
Russian Federation
JEL: 
I26
I28
J16
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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