Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/223501 
Year of Publication: 
2020
Series/Report no.: 
CESifo Working Paper No. 8429
Publisher: 
Center for Economic Studies and Ifo Institute (CESifo), Munich
Abstract: 
Covid-19 hit firms by surprise. In a high frequency, representative panel of German firms, the business outlook declined and business uncertainty increased only when the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic led to domestic policy changes: The announcement of nation-wide school closures on March 13 caused by far the largest change in business perceptions. In contrast, business perceptions hardly reacted to any other potential source of information: Firms did not learn from foreign policy measures, even if they relied on inputs from China or Italy. The local, county-level spread of Covid-19 cases affected expectations and uncertainty, albeit to a much lesser extent than the domestic policy changes.
Subjects: 
expectations
uncertainty
policy
Covid-19
firms
JEL: 
E66
E32
H32
D22
D84
Document Type: 
Working Paper
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