Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/214936 
Year of Publication: 
2019
Series/Report no.: 
CESifo Working Paper No. 7934
Publisher: 
Center for Economic Studies and ifo Institute (CESifo), Munich
Abstract: 
We examine 220 estimates of the present-bias parameter from 28 articles using the Convex Time Budget protocol. The literature shows that people are on average present biased, but the estimates exhibit substantial heterogeneity across studies. There is evidence of modest selective reporting in the direction of overreporting present-bias. The primary source of the heterogeneity is the type of reward, either monetary or non-monetary reward, but the effect is weakened after correcting for potential selective reporting. In the studies using the monetary reward, the delay until the issue of the reward associated with the "current" time period is shown to influence the estimates of present bias parameter.
Subjects: 
present bias
structural behavioral economics
meta-analysis
selective reporting
JEL: 
D90
C91
Document Type: 
Working Paper
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