Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/213466
Year of Publication: 
2020
Series/Report no.: 
ZEF Discussion Papers on Development Policy No. 290
Publisher: 
University of Bonn, Center for Development Research (ZEF), Bonn
Abstract: 
In this paper, we test if households where women participate in decisions regarding children's education and allocation of household education budgets incur more equal expenditures on education of boys and girls. Moreover, we test if women's awareness of gender equality can reduce inequality between boys and girls at the household level. We estimate these effects using three rounds of longitudinal data of rural households in Pakistan. We use both household and year fixed effects to control for endogeneity of the dependent and explanatory variables. The results suggest that households where women participate in decisions regarding children's education spend higher shares of education expenditures on education of girls in the secondary school age group (11-16). The results of Heckman Selection Model, corroborated by an estimated logit model, suggest that in households where women participate in children's education decisions and where women are aware of gender equality in education, girl children are more likely to be enrolled in school. The paper contributes to the refinement of measures of women's empowerment and to understanding of the mechanisms to achieve gender equality in education.
Subjects: 
empowerment
inequality
gender
household decision-making
intra-household resource allocation
JEL: 
D19
D63
J16
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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