Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/202778 
Year of Publication: 
2019
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 12432
Publisher: 
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
Informed by the psychological literature and our empirical evidence we provide new insights into the technology of socio-emotional skill formation in middle childhood. In line with economic evidence, increasing parental inputs that enrich the child home environment and reduce stress has larger returns for children with higher socio-emotional skills in early childhood (complementarity), but only for levels of inputs that are high. For low levels of inputs, i.e. levels implying a stressful home environment, an increase has a higher return for children with lower socio-emotional skills in early childhood (substitutability). Consequently, well targeted policies can reduce middle childhood socio-emotional gaps.
Subjects: 
socio-emotional skills
complementarities
substitutabilities
parenting styles
mother's mental health
time investment
child behavioural disorders
diathesis-stress hypothesis
JEL: 
J13
D10
I10
I31
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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