Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/201297 
Title (translated): 
Theory and Measurement of Competitiveness
Authors: 
Year of Publication: 
2013
Series/Report no.: 
ETLA Report No. 15
Publisher: 
The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy (ETLA), Helsinki
Abstract (Translated): 
The study deals with the theory and measurement of competitiveness. The basic theory of firm implies that under constant returns to scale the unit cost of production can be used to measure the marginal cost of production and to model the impact of competitiveness on the market share of a firm. The competitiveness and the market share of a firm is the lower the higher its unit costs are compared to the average unit costs of all firms in the market. Empirical measurement of the unit costs of the Finnish industry is made with respect to Germany. It turns out that the unit costs of the Finnish industry have risen higher than the unit costs of the German industry since 2005, calculated without the effect of electronics industry. In addition to production costs the study deals with the theoretical and empirical impact of transportation costs on competitiveness in export markets. This is an important issue for Finland, which is geographically far away from the main markets of the world. A major disadvantage for the future competitiveness of Finnish export industry will be the EU sulphur directive and the possible inclusion of shipping into the EU emissions trading scheme. The longer marine transportation distance from Finland means that Finland will lose competitiveness for example compared to Germany.
Subjects: 
Competitiveness
Imperfect competition
Production costs
Transportation costs
JEL: 
C67
D43
F12
Document Type: 
Research Report

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