Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/198989 
Year of Publication: 
2019
Series/Report no.: 
CESifo Working Paper No. 7629
Publisher: 
Center for Economic Studies and ifo Institute (CESifo), Munich
Abstract: 
We use panel data from Germany to analyze the effect of population density on urban air pollution (nitrogen oxides, particulate matter and ozone). To address unobserved heterogeneity and omitted variables, we present long difference/fixed effects estimates and instrumental variables estimates, using historical population and soil quality as instruments. Our preferred estimates imply that a one-standard deviation increase in population density increases air pollution by 3-12%.
Subjects: 
population density
air pollution
JEL: 
Q53
R12
Document Type: 
Working Paper
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