Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/192616 
Year of Publication: 
2010
Series/Report no.: 
Discussion Papers No. 634
Publisher: 
Statistics Norway, Research Department, Oslo
Abstract: 
Individual countries are in the process of legislating responses to the challenges posed by climate change. The prospect of rising carbon prices raises concerns in these nations about the effects on the competitiveness of their own energy-intensive industries and the potential for carbon leakage, particularly leakage to emerging economies that lack comparable regulation. In response, certain developed countries are proposing controversial trade-related measures and allowance allocation designs to complement their climate policies. Missing from much of the debate on trade-related measures is a broader understanding of how climate policies implemented unilaterally (or subglobally) affect all countries in the global trading system. Arguably, the largest impacts are from the targeted carbon pricing itself, which generates macroeconomic effects, terms-of-trade changes, and shifts in global energy demand and prices; it also changes the relative prices of certain energy-intensive goods. This paper studies how climate policies implemented in certain major economies (the European Union and the United States) affect the global distribution of economic and environmental outcomes, and how these outcomes may be altered by complementary policies aimed at addressing carbon leakage.
Subjects: 
cap-and-trade
emissions leakage
border carbon adjustments
output-based allocation
general equilibrium model
JEL: 
Q2
Q43
H2
D61
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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