Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/190015 
Year of Publication: 
2017
Series/Report no.: 
WIDER Working Paper No. 2017/170
Publisher: 
The United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER), Helsinki
Abstract: 
Ian Bremmer published a treatise on the stability of states built on the notion that states fall along a curve resembling a slanted "J" when plotting their stability against openness. States in the turnover process are considered unstable, and are at risk of either reversing to a closed and stable system or even collapsing. Our paper shifts the J curve's associated conditions to a model to more accurately specify the causes of reversal in which crises of instability and backsliding occur. We define stability as a function of two state dimensions: authority and capacity, and apply the remaining state dimension of legitimacy as a proxy for openness. We find that transitions can reverse, oscillate, or simply stall, which are exemplified in the different types of states we categorize. The paper concludes with implications for policy and the application of the model to conflict prediction.
Subjects: 
democracy
backsliding
fragile states
instability
hybrid states
forecasting
JEL: 
C52
C55
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
ISBN: 
978-92-9256-396-7
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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