Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/155517 
Year of Publication: 
2016
Series/Report no.: 
CESifo Working Paper No. 6275
Publisher: 
Center for Economic Studies and ifo Institute (CESifo), Munich
Abstract: 
For a long time globalization could be seen everywhere but in gravity estimates. We offer evidence how globalization affects manufacturing trade over the period 1986-2006 and show that, on average, the effect of distance has fallen whereas the effects of proximity and regional trade agreements have increased over time. We also document substantial cross-country heterogeneity in the extent to which distance elasticities have changed. Countries in the middle of the per-capita income distribution have seen the steepest fall in distance coefficients. At the same time, distance as a trade friction has not lost its bite for a number of low income countries, which may jeopardize their integration into global markets. We present suggestive evidence that the heterogeneous change in distance elasticities is related to secular shifts in the composition of exports.
Subjects: 
distance puzzle
missing globalization
structural gravity
poor countries
JEL: 
F13
F14
F16
Document Type: 
Working Paper
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