https://hdl.handle.net/10419/62011 Fri, 16 Oct 2026 02:53:56 GMT 2026-10-16T02:53:56Z https://hdl.handle.net/10419/340097 Title: Transfer pricing regulation and tax revenue performance in Ghana's petroleum sector: The role of GRA enforcement Authors: Abdulrahman, Nuhu Alhassan; Bunyaminu, Alhassan; Twumwaah, Deborah Adu; Yakubu, Ibrahim Nandom; Seidu, Adibura Baba; Okyere, Eunice; Oti, Kingsley Abstract: This study examines the impact of transfer pricing regulations on petroleum tax revenue using the enforcement role of the Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA). Utilizing data from Ghanaian firms spanning 2002 to 2023 from reliable institutional sources including the GRA, PIAC, World Bank, and the U.S. Energy Information Administration, the study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to capture short- and long-term relationships, supported by the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model to address volatility in the residuals. The findings revealed that transfer pricing regulations exert a negative short-run impact on petroleum tax revenue but indicate potential long-run benefits as compliance improves. Audit recoveries demonstrated a significant and immediate positive effect, highlighting the importance of consistent enforcement. Additionally, oil price fluctuations and GDP growth were found to influence tax performance significantly. The findings of this study have important practical implications for tax policy, revenue administration, and regulatory strategy within Ghana's petroleum sector and beyond. The evidence that transfers pricing regulations and audit recoveries significantly contribute to increased petroleum tax revenue demonstrates the effectiveness of strong enforcement mechanisms in curbing base erosion and profit shifting. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/10419/340097 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10419/340098 Title: Influence of company's tax exposure as capital structure decision on financial performance of state-owned sugar manufacturing corporation projects in Western Kenya Authors: Kawour, Mathew Elijah; Rambo, Charles Mallans; Odundo, Paul A. Abstract: This study examined how a company's tax exposure, conceptualized as a capital structure decision factor, influences the financial performance of state-owned sugar manufacturing corporations in Western Kenya. Grounded in Modigliani and Miller's capital structure model and drawing on trade-off, pecking-order, and agency cost theories, the research employed a mixed-methods approach combining descriptive and correlational survey research designs. The study targeted 1,145 employees across five state sugar corporations, from which a sample of 291 was drawn. Data were collected through structured questionnaires (n=261, 89.7% response rate) and supplemented by secondary data from annual audited reports (2015-2019). The secondary data were used to compute the key financial performance indicators. Hierarchical regression analysis with multiple control variables revealed significant relationships between tax exposure and all financial performance indicators. The findings provide valuable insights for policy-makers regarding the impact of taxation on corporate performance and suggest that strategic tax management and capital structure optimization can enhance financial outcomes in state- owned sugar corporations. The study recommends policy interventions to reduce the tax burden on state sugar projects while improving tax planning practices within corporations. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/10419/340098 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10419/343313 Title: The diversity-performance paradox: Evidence from S&P 500 firms before the COVID-19 pandemic Authors: Li, Yunhan; Huang, Linghan Abstract: This study examines the relationship between board diversity and firm performance while evaluating the moderating role of innovation strategy. Using panel data from 487 S&P 500 firms spanning 2015-2019, the study reassessed the diversity-performance relationship by addressing endogeneity concerns that may bias prior findings in corporate governance research. Firm performance was measured using Tobin's q and return on assets, while board diversity was captured through gender and ethnic representation. Innovation strategy was measured using research and development intensity. The empirical analysis employed ordinary least squares, firm fixed-effects models, and dynamic panel estimations to distinguish cross-sectional associations from within-firm effects. The results indicated that board diversity is positively associated with firm performance under pooled regressions. However, these relationships disappeared after controlling for firm fixed-effects and dynamic endogeneity. The findings suggest that the apparent benefits of board diversity are largely driven by persistent firm characteristics rather than changes in board composition itself. Overall, the study contributes to the corporate governance literature by demonstrating the importance of addressing endogeneity when evaluating board diversity outcomes and by providing a pre-pandemic benchmark for future governance research. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/10419/343313 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10419/343312 Title: Disability funding in Greek higher education: Evidence from a performance-based funding system Authors: Petsavas, Pavlos; Ioakimidis, Marilou Abstract: This study examines how disability criteria are integrated into the performance-based funding (PBF) system for Greek higher education institutions (HEIs) from 2022 to 2026. It assesses the extent to which the quality-based funding model of the Hellenic Authority for Higher Education (HAHE) includes disability-related indicators, institutional participation in the relevant funding section, and performance trends over time. The research uses a mixed-methods approach, combining policy document analysis with longitudinal administrative data from all 23 Greek HEIs. Results indicate that disability-related indicators represented less than 1.5 percent of total funding weight, were solely input-oriented, and did not consider the operation of Disability Support Units (DSUs). Institutional participation stayed below 44 percent during the period, with no consistent improvement across indicators. The largest HEIs did not participate in the disability-related funding section in any year. The study concludes that, while the Greek PBF system formally acknowledges inclusion as a policy goal, it does not offer sufficient incentives for sustained institutional change. The paper discusses policy implications for better aligning funding systems with disability inclusion. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/10419/343312 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z